Residual stress and plastic strain analysis in the brazed joint of bonded compliant seal design in planar solid oxide fuel cell

This paper uses finite element method (FEM) to predict the residual stress and plastic strain in the brazed joint of sealing foil-to-window frame in bonded compliant seal (BCS) design in a planar solid oxide fuel cell (PSOFC). The effects of window frame material type, sealing foil thickness, filler metal thickness and window frame thickness on residual stress and plastic strain are discussed. Large residual stress is generated in the joint, and the stress and strain are concentrated around the fillet. It is proved that the BCS design can mitigate and trap some residual stress by plastic deformation within the sealing foil. The residual stress and the ability of trapping stress of sealing foil are affected by window frame material and structure thickness. Based on the comprehensive considerations of the impact of residual stress and plastic strain, Alloy 625 as a window frame material is found to be better than Haynes 214, Hastelloy X and SUS 316L. The optimum thickness of sealing foil and filler metal BNi2 are found to be 150 μm and 75 μm, respectively. The residual stress and plastic strain are increased with the increase of window frame thickness.     

折流板切口方向对管壳式换热器传热性能影响

为了研究单弓形折流板的切口方向对管壳式换热器传热与流动性能的影响,文中通过建立3个不同折流板切口方向的管壳式换热器简化实体模型,运用CFD软件Fluent对管壳式换热器壳程传热与流动状态进行了三维数值模拟。以水为壳程流体介质,在不断改变壳程进口流速,使得壳程进口雷诺数Re在10 000到70 000范围内变化时,得到了不同状态下的壳程流场与温度场。根据数值模拟结果,以总传热系数α,壳程总压降Δp以及单位压降下的传热系数α/Δp作为综合衡量标准,分析不同折流板切口方向时的管壳式换热器壳程流场与温度场。数值模拟分析结果表明:折流板为垂直切口方向时,管壳式换热器总传热系数最大,压降最小,综合性能最好,另外2种折流板切口方向的管壳式换热器综合性能差不多。     

挤压工艺对Mg-4Al-1Zn-0.6Ca-0.6Si-0.4Nd合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了不同挤压温度和挤压比对Mg-4Al-1Zn-0.6Ca-0.6Si-0.4Nd镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,挤压变形可以显著细化镁合金的晶粒,大幅度提高材料的抗拉强度,屈服强度和伸长率.较低的挤压温度和较高的挤压比配合可以更好地细化晶粒.在挤压比为16,挤压温度为330℃时,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率分别达到375MPa、305MPa、14％.     

基于光纤光栅应变传感系统的在役港口起重机结构健康监测

港口起重机工作环境恶劣、使用频繁,且服役周期长,其金属结构随着服役时间的增长必然会出现不同程度的损伤。为了掌握在役港口起重机运行时的健康状态,研究了基于光纤光栅应变传感系统的在役港口起重机健康监测。采用具有温度补偿功能的反射式光纤光栅传感系统对港口起重机几种典型工况(变幅、旋转、吊重和卸载完整过程等)进行了实时在线监测。现场实测结果验证了该方法的可行性并突出了港口起重机结构状态检测的必要性,现场实测结果也为港口起重机的在线安全诊断和预测提供了数据支撑。     

蒸发式冷凝器应用于制冷空调的节能研究

介绍了蒸发式冷凝器制冷机组中3种不同形式冷凝器的节能效果,以R22压缩制冷循环为例,可知冷凝温度每降低1℃,理论压缩机功耗将减少2%～3%;且蒸发式制冷机组冷却水量比水冷式少,节约循环水泵能耗。将室内排风和凝结水分别作为蒸发式冷凝器的部分送风和冷却水,可降低制冷机组的冷凝温度,进一步达到节能目的。     

Creep crack growth in a Cr-Mo-V type steel： experimental observation and prediction

In this study, the creep crack growth (CCG) properties and fracture mechanism of a Cr-Mo-V steel at 566 C in compact tension (CT) specimens were investigated, and the CCG rate was predicted by using the NSW model. The results show that the CCG rate measured by CT specimens is much lower than that predicted by the NSW model under plane-strain state. This means that the NSW model prediction for the CCG rate of the steel is over-conservative. In addition, the CCG rate da/dt versus C measured by the experiments shows the piecewise linear relation on log-log scale instead of a single linear relation predicted by the NSW model. The main reasons for these results are that the actual creep fracture mechanism of the steel and the actual creep crack tip stress field in the CT specimens have not been fully captured in the NSW model. The experimental observation shows that the creep crack propagates in a discontinuous way (step by step) at meso-scale, and the cracks at micro-scale are usually formed by the growth and coalescence of voids on grain boundaries. The NSW model based on the creep ductility exhaustion approach may not correctly describe this creep fracture process. In addition, the opening stress and triaxial stress ahead of crack tips calculated by three-dimensional finite element method is lower than those predicted by the HRR stress field which is used in the NSW model under plane-strain state. The use of the high HRR stress field will cause high CCG rates. The change in the creep fracture mechanism at micro-scale in different ranges of C may cause the piecewise linear relation between the da/dt and C . Therefore, it is necessary to study the actual CCG mechanism in a wide range of C and the actual creep crack tip stress field to establish accurate CCG prediction models.     

AFC泡沫镍沉积Pt、Pd催化剂的制备与表征

采用化学置换法制备了Pt/泡沫镍(foam-Ni)、Pd/foam-Ni、Pt-Pd/foam-Ni电极,采用线性伏安、交流阻抗、能谱仪(EDS)等技术研究了所制备的电极在6 mol/L的NaOH溶液中电催化性能。研究结果表明:所制备的电极在碱性溶液中都具有一定的电催化活性,但其电催化活性存在差异。在foam-Ni上沉积Pt、Pd制备的Pt/foam-Ni、Pd/foam-Ni和Pt-Pd/foam-Ni电极中,Pt-Pd/foam-Ni的电催化活性最好,充分说明二元催化剂的电催化性能要优于一元催化剂。     

用小冲杆试验法评估304L不锈钢的应力腐蚀敏感性

利用小冲杆试验对304L不锈钢进行了应力腐蚀敏感性评估,研究了加载速度和腐蚀介质对评估结果的影响,并对小冲杆试样的断口形貌和显微组织进行了分析。结果表明:最适合304L不锈钢评估的小冲杆应力腐蚀试验介质为1.0mol.L-1 NaCl+0.5mol.L-1 HCl混合溶液,加载速度为3×10-3 mm.min-1;在以上介质中,304L不锈钢小冲杆试样断口以穿晶解理断裂为主,部分为准解理断裂;小冲杆试验法是一种有效的应力腐蚀敏感性评估手段,且具有快速近乎无损等特点。     

Influence of strain state in mechanical behaviour of aluminium alloys using the Small Punch Test

The Small Punch Test (SPT) basically consists of deforming a miniature specimen, whose edges are firmly gripped by a die, using a high strength punch. This test was developed in the eighties and has since been used successfully on numerous occasions in those cases where there is not sufficient material to carry out standard tests to obtain the mechanical properties of materials. In recent years, it has been used successfully to determine the yield strength evolution in any area of stamped aluminium alloy components.These stamped components are subject to different kinds of plastic deformation during the stamping process. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the influence that the type of deformation reached during the stamping process has on the mechanical behaviour of the material. Furthermore, for each kind of strain, the yield load in the SPT will be related to yield strength to provide a unique valid expression to evaluate the hardening of the material.     

织物瑕疵的实时光电检测系统

针对织物人工视觉检测效率低下的问题,研究了基于单片机的光学检测系统,实现了织物实时高效的自动瑕疵检测.采用光透射的单点扫描方法来实现稀疏经纬线的织物的检测具有高信噪比的优点,因为在这种情况下透射光远远大于发射光.由光电传感器的输出信号可以提取织物的瑕疵信息,此信号经过放大滤波并采样至单片机,最后经单片机定量分析和评估并...